Hampton grew from a farming manor owned by knights. Cardinal Wolsey and Henry VIII built Hampton Court Palace here, and later Hampton had big water works, boatyards and nurseries growing produce.
Oldest first
Newest first
πͺ¨
Stone, Bronze and Iron Ages
Before AD 43
About 450,000 years ago
π§
The Thames finds its path
After a great ice age called the Anglian glaciation, the River Thames was pushed south to the course it follows today, through Berkshire and London.
From the records: βThe River Thames was displaced southwards to its present course through Berkshire and London following the Anglian glaciation c. 450,000 BCE.β
Long ago
πͺ
Stone axes and a chieftain's mound
A New Stone Age (Neolithic) axe was found on Garrick's Ait, and an early Bronze Age axe on Platt's Eyot. In 1854, a Bronze Age burial mound was dug up in Bushy Park. It held the ashes of a local chieftain and offerings left with them. These finds show people here starting to settle down and farm.
From the records: βFinds on Garrick's Ait (Neolithic stone axe), Hurst Park (Neolithic pits), and Platt's Eyot (early Bronze Age axe); and the excavation in 1854 of a significant Bronze Age barrow in Bushy Park (containing the cremated remains and offerings of a local chieftain) indicate the transition to settled agriculture.β
β΅
Anglo-Saxons and Vikings
410 β 1066
Anglo-Saxon times
πΎ
A farm for Kingston
Hampton grew up as a manor: serfs worked its fields and grazing land for a lord who lived elsewhere. It mainly helped feed nearby Kingston, which was an important royal estate by the 800s.
From the records: βThe Hampton settlement developed under the manorial system (where tenant serfs work the arable farm and grazing land of the manor on behalf of the absentee lord) as an agricultural domain primarily supporting neighbouring Kingston, which by the 9th century was a significant royal estate.β
From the records: βThe 1086 Domesday Book records that prior to the Norman Conquest the Manor of Hampton belonged to Aelfgar, Earl of Mercia, but indicated that, as Aelfgar had not passed his lands to his son Edwin upon his death in 1062, they were instead held by King Harold at the time of the Norman Invasion.β
1237
π‘οΈ
The knights take over
The Knights Hospitaller had been in Hampton since around 1180. In 1237 they took over the whole manor. They already owned a house and sheep pasture where Hampton Court Palace stands today.
From the records: βThe Manor was acquired in 1237 by the Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (known as the Knights Hospitaller).β
1338
π
Counting the sheep
The knights made a survey of everything they owned. Hampton had 800 acres of farmland, meadows by the Thames, 24 oxen, 18 cows, 2,000 sheep, a fish weir and a pigeon house.
From the records: βIn 1338, the Order commissioned a financial survey of its possessions in England, which showed the Manor of Hampton comprising 800 acres of demesne (rented arable land), 40 acres of meadow by the Thames, pasture for 24 oxen, 18 cows, 10 store cattle and 2000 sheep, a fish weir and a pigeon house.β
π
Tudors and Stuarts
1485 β 1714
1497
π₯
The royal court moves in
The knights turned Hampton Court into one of their largest and best-equipped manors in England, and the royal court often stayed there instead of at Sheen Palace in Richmond. When Sheen Palace burned down in 1497, the royal court moved to Hampton Court.
From the records: βThe Knights Hospitallers developed their estate at Hampton Court into one of the largest and best-appointed of their manors in England, and it was frequently used by the royal court as alternative accommodation to Sheen Palace (the royal palace on the Thames at Richmond), and as a way station and guest house for visitors en route to the royal manor at Byfleet on the River Wye (constructed by Edward II in the early 14th century).β
1505
π¦
Land for hunting
In 1500, the Lord Chamberlain, Sir Giles Daubeney, had 300 acres near Hampton fenced off for hunting. In 1505 he leased the whole manor. After he died in 1508, his wife let the lease run out.
From the records: βIn 1500 the Lord Chamberlain Sir Giles Daubeney ordered that 300 acres of the demesne near Hampton be enclosed for hunting, taking out a lease for the entire manor in 1505.β
1514
Still here today
β΄οΈ
The Hampton Ferry
A ferry has linked Hampton to Hurst Park in Molesey, across the Thames, since at least 1514. Some say it goes back to the time of the Domesday Book.
From the records: βHampton Ferry has linked Hampton to the south bank of the Thames at Hurst Park, Molesey since at least 1514, and reputedly since the time of the Domesday book.β
1514
Still here today
π°
Wolsey builds a palace
Cardinal Wolsey took over the lease from the knights in 1514 and began building a palace at Hampton Court. After Wolsey's downfall in 1530, King Henry VIII took the palace and kept making it bigger.
From the records: βCardinal Wolsey purchased the lease from the Knights Hospitaller in 1514, and continued development of the site into the historic palace ultimately acquired by Henry VIII after Wolsey's demise in 1530.β
1537
π§±
Henry VIII's hunting park
Henry VIII fenced off land in Teddington for hunting in 1536. In 1537 he turned the farmland around Upper Lodge into parkland and had brick walls built from Hampton Court to Teddington and Hampton Wick. Bushy Park's borders were finally set in 1620.
From the records: βIn 1536 Henry acquired part of Teddington from the Abbot of Westminster, enclosing the land for hunting.β
1540
βοΈ
The knights are closed down
After a law in 1534 made Henry VIII head of the Church of England, Catholic properties across England were taken. In 1540 a law closed down the Knights Hospitaller, and the Crown took Hampton's manor.
From the records: βThe 1534 Act of Supremacy enshrining Henry VIII as supreme head of the Church of England saw the expropriation of Catholic properties throughout England.β
1603
π¦
Plague, and a famous Bible
In 1603, plague caused 99 of the 119 deaths recorded in Hampton, which had 400 to 500 people. That Christmas, the new King James I moved his court to Hampton Court to escape the plague in London. There he held a meeting of bishops and clergy that led to the King James Bible.
From the records: βIn 1603, 99 of the 119 deaths recorded among Hampton's 400β500 inhabitants were attributed to plague, compared to 11 total deaths the previous year.β
1638
π§
A new river to Bushy Park
In 1638β39, a canal designed by Nicholas Lane was built quickly from Longford on the River Colne to Bushy Park, cutting across Feltham, Hanworth and Hounslow Heath. In 1649 protesters dammed it, and it later ran dry.
From the records: βDesigned by Nicholas Lane, the canal started at Longford on the Colne, and was built swiftly in 1638β39, cutting through Feltham, Hanworth, Hounslow Heath, and the north Hampton heath on its route to Bushy Park.β
1665
π
Running from the Great Plague
In July 1665, King Charles II's court left London for Hampton Court to escape the plague that became known as the Great Plague. In September, the illness reached Hampton, and the court had to move again, to Oxford.
From the records: βIn July 1665 the court of Charles II escaped London to Hampton Court after an escalating outbreak of plague in the spring (which would come to be known as "The Great Plague"), but would be forced to move again to Oxford in September after the infection reached Hampton.β
The famous actor and playwright David Garrick bought Hampton House by the Thames in 1754. The next year he had a garden temple built for William Shakespeare, who inspired him. Garrick's Villa and Garrick's Temple to Shakespeare are both Grade I listed buildings.
From the records: βDavid Garrick, a renowned 18th century actor and playwright, purchased Hampton House, an established country house facing the Thames on the road to Hampton Court, in 1754.β
1784
Still here today
π
Measuring Britain
In 1784, General William Roy measured a very exact straight line, called a baseline,, with one end in Hampton. It was part of a survey linking the observatories at Greenwich and Paris, and it came before the Principal Triangulation of Great Britain, a survey of the whole country that began in 1791. A cannon in Roy Grove marks the spot.
From the records: βA cannon in Roy Grove marks the Hampton end of the baseline measured in 1784 by General William Roy in preparation of the Anglo-French Survey (1784β1790) to measure the relative situation of Greenwich Observatory and Paris Observatory.β
1811
ποΈ
Common land is fenced off
In 1801, 1,722 people lived in Hampton. A law passed in 1811 split up the common land and fenced it into private plots. This began Hampton's change from a medieval manor into private land and housing, and the number of people grew steadily.
From the records: βHampton's transition from medieval manor to privately owned land and housing began with the passage of the Hampton Inclosure Act 1811 (51 Geo. 3. c. cxxxviii), which led to the parcelling and enclosure of common land, and a steady increase in population.β
1815
π’
A lock on the Thames
Barges carrying up to 200 tons, pulled by men or horses along the towpaths, were a common sight on this stretch of river. Molesey Lock was finished in 1815 to help boats past the shallow water.
From the records: βIn the 19th century, barges carrying up to 200 tons of material, hauled by men or horses along tow paths, were a common sight along the Hampton/Molesey Reach and an integral part of the river economy.β
π
Victorians
1837 β 1901
1838
π
The palace opens to everyone
In 1838, Queen Victoria opened the State Apartments of Hampton Court Palace to the public, with free entry. Day-trippers came by river, tram and train, and even more came after the Hampton Court railway line opened in 1849.
From the records: βHaving last been used as a royal residence by George II, Queen Victoria opened the State Apartments of Hampton Court Palace to the general public in 1838, displaying artworks from the Royal Collection.β
1855
π°
Water for London
A law in 1852 stopped water companies taking drinking water from the tidal Thames, because of the sewage in it. So three companies built water works on the Thames at Hampton, which started in 1855 and became a big employer. Houses built near the station in the 1880s and 1890s were mostly lived in by water board staff and their families.
From the records: βThe passage of the Metropolis Water Act 1852 made it unlawful for any water company to extract water for domestic use from the tidal reaches of the Thames (i.e. below Teddington Lock).β
1864
π
Hampton gets a station
The Shepperton railway line, with stations at Hampton and Fulwell, opened in 1864. It was changed to electric trains in 1916.
From the records: βThe Shepperton branch line, including Hampton and Fulwell stations, was opened in 1864, and electrified in 1916.β
1874
π¨
An Impressionist by the river
The Impressionist painter Alfred Sisley came to England in 1874. He stayed at Hampton Court that summer and painted a series of pictures of the River Thames around Hampton Court and Molesey.
From the records: βAnglo-French Impressionist painter Alfred Sisley came to England in 1874 at the invitation of baritone Jean-Baptist Faure, settling in Hampton Court in the summer and painting a series of paintings along the banks of the River Thames around Hampton Court and Molesey.β
βοΈ
The World Wars
1901 β 1945
1903
π
Trams and a grand island hotel
In 1903, London United Tramways ran its trams from Twickenham to Hampton and Hampton Court. On Tagg's Island, resort hotels were built, ending with the grand Karsino Hotel in 1913.
From the records: βLondon United Tramways extended its network from Twickenham to Hampton, Hampton Court, East Twickenham (west of Richmond Bridge) and Teddington in 1903.β
1904
π€
Building record-breaking boats
In 1904, shipbuilder John Isaac Thornycroft opened the Hampton Launch Works. It built cabin cruisers and pleasure boats, including Miss England III, a world water speed record holder.
From the records: βIn 1904 shipbuilder John Isaac Thornycroft established the Hampton Launch Works, generating cabin cruisers and pleasure craft, including world water speed record holder Miss England III.β
1922
Still here today
π
An open-air pool
Plans for an open-air pool near Bushy Park were agreed in 1914, but the First World War held them up, so it was built in 1922. The council closed it in 1980, but local people helped reopen it in 1985, run by a charity.
From the records: βHampton Heated Open Air Pool and Gym near Bushy Park was built in 1922 after plans approved in 1914 were delayed due to the outbreak of the First World War.β
1940
π£
Bombs on Hampton
Anderson shelters were given out to houses in 1939β40. On 24 August 1940, the first bomb of the Battle of Britain to hit the borough fell on Tudor Road, and buildings across Hampton were damaged and destroyed as the bombing went on. In June 1944, a V1 flying bomb landed in a reservoir at the water works.
From the records: βAnderson shelters were distributed to houses in Hampton, and public shelters constructed, during 1939β1940.β
1945
π
Alan Turing's home
From 1945 to 1947, Alan Turing lived at Ivy House on Hampton High Street, while he worked at the National Physical Laboratory in Teddington. The house now has a blue plaque.
From the records: βAlan Turing (1912β1954) lived at Ivy House (which now has a blue plaque) in Hampton High Street between 1945 and 1947 while working at the National Physical Laboratory in Teddington.β
ποΈ
Modern times
Since 1945
1980
π‘
From nurseries to new homes
By the 1970s, Hampton's nurseries couldn't compete with produce from abroad and around Britain, brought in using fridges, air freight and cheaper labour, and were falling into ruin. In 1980, work began on the Nurserylands housing estate, with 48 new roads by 1989. The Sainsbury's built there in 1989β90 was, at the time, the biggest Sainsbury's in the UK.
From the records: βThe Hampton nurseries had begun to face competition in the 1960s from overseas and domestic produce sourced using refrigeration, air freight and cheaper labour, and by the 1970s had become uncompetitive and increasingly derelict.β
2021
π
Working from home
The 2021 census counted 27,307 people in Hampton. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 52% of working residents said they worked mainly from home, compared with 32% across England.
From the records: βThe population of Hampton in the 2021 census was recorded as 27,307, with 77.4% recording the United Kingdom as their country of birth.β